What is the difference between cystocele and rectocele?
A cystocele is when the bladder bulges into the front wall of the vagina, while a rectocele occurs when the rectum bulges into the back wall of the vagina. Both are types of pelvic organ prolapse but involve different organs and can cause distinct symptoms.
Detailed Medical Explanation
Cystocele, also known as anterior vaginal wall prolapse, is caused by weakness in the tissues supporting the bladder and vaginal wall. Symptoms include urinary frequency, urgency, or incomplete emptying. Rectocele, or posterior vaginal wall prolapse, results from weakened tissue between the rectum and vagina, leading to constipation, difficulty emptying the bowels, or needing to press on the vaginal wall for bowel movements. Diagnosis is clinical, and both can co-exist. (NHS: Pelvic organ prolapse)
Clinical Context
Cystocele and rectocele are both assessed by pelvic examination. Each type can lead to different symptoms and may require tailored treatment based on severity and patient goals.
Evidence-Based Approaches
NICE recommends pelvic floor muscle training and addressing contributing factors for both types. Surgical repair is reserved for persistent, symptomatic cases. (NICE NG123)