What is vaginal atrophy and what causes it?
Vaginal atrophy is the thinning, drying, and inflammation of the vaginal walls due to a decline in oestrogen, most commonly after menopause. This condition is also known as genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM).
Detailed Medical Explanation
Oestrogen keeps the vaginal lining thick, elastic, and well-lubricated. When oestrogen levels fall—most often after menopause, but also after certain cancer treatments, childbirth, or breastfeeding—the tissues become thinner, drier, and more fragile. This can cause discomfort, recurrent infections, and problems with sexual health. NHS: Vaginal Atrophy.
Clinical Context
Vaginal atrophy is a common, treatable condition. We often see it in women after menopause or those on certain medications. Early recognition and management are important for comfort and quality of life.
Evidence-Based Approaches
Medical guidelines recommend considering oestrogen therapy, moisturisers, or lifestyle measures depending on the individual. RCOG: Vaginal Atrophy Information.
