Acne is usually linked to a combination of blocked pores, oil production, bacteria, inflammation and individual skin sensitivity. Hormones, stress, PCOS, skincare products, medication and genetics can all influence the pattern.

Adult acne can be more persistent and may be more hormonally influenced, especially in women. It often appears around the chin, jawline and lower face, but it can also affect the chest, back and shoulders.

PCOS can contribute to acne in some women because of androgen-related effects on oil production. If acne is accompanied by irregular periods, unwanted facial hair or scalp hair thinning, a broader PCOS-aware assessment may be appropriate.

Some women develop new or worsening acne during perimenopause as hormone balance changes. Skin may also become more sensitive or dry, so acne treatment may need to be gentler and more carefully staged.

Treatment may include topical treatments, oral medication, hormonal options, skincare changes, peels, LED/light therapy, microneedling, laser or referral for specialist dermatology treatment. The right plan depends on acne type, severity, scarring risk and medical history.

Spironolactone is sometimes used off-label for adult female acne, particularly when hormonal features are present. It is not suitable for everyone and requires clinical assessment, prescribing oversight and safety counselling.

Most acne treatments need several weeks to months. Some people see early improvement, but a realistic review period is often around 8–12 weeks depending on the treatment used. Hormonal treatments may take longer.

Yes, but acne scarring usually needs a separate plan once active acne is controlled. Options may include microneedling, laser, TCA CROSS, subcision referral or combined approaches depending on the scar type and skin tone.

Chemical peels may help selected acne-prone skin, congestion and post-acne marks, but they are not suitable for every skin type or every stage of acne. Timing, active inflammation, pigmentation risk and skin barrier health matter.

No, but bring a list or photos of what you use. Many acne routines contain multiple exfoliants or actives, and simplifying the routine is sometimes part of the treatment plan.

Some treatments can cause temporary dryness, irritation or an adjustment phase. A clinician should explain what is expected, what is not expected, and when to stop or seek advice.

Some acne treatments are not suitable in pregnancy or when trying to conceive, including retinoids and certain oral medicines. Always disclose pregnancy, breastfeeding or fertility plans before starting treatment.

The featured starting price for a doctor-led acne consultation is from £150. Further treatment costs depend on whether you need prescriptions, peels, LED, microneedling, laser or scar-focused treatment.

Acne can relapse, especially if there is a hormonal driver or treatment is stopped too early. Maintenance skincare or medication may be recommended to reduce recurrence.