Can past sexual trauma cause dyspareunia?
Yes, past sexual trauma can contribute to dyspareunia by causing anxiety, involuntary pelvic muscle spasm, and emotional distress during intimacy.
Detailed Medical Explanation
Women who have experienced sexual assault or abuse are at higher risk of developing sexual pain disorders, including dyspareunia and vaginismus. Trauma may lead to ongoing anxiety, fear, hypervigilance, and pain in sexual situations. Trauma-informed psychological care, combined with medical treatment, offers the best outcomes. NHS: Sexual Assault.
Clinical Context
Disclosure of past trauma to a trusted clinician allows for sensitive, patient-centred management and referral to specialist support if needed.
Evidence-Based Approaches
NHS and NICE guidelines recommend trauma-informed care and psychological support for women with dyspareunia and a history of abuse. NHS: Sexual Assault.