Can pelvic inflammatory disease cause dyspareunia?
Yes, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a recognised cause of dyspareunia, especially deep pain during intercourse due to inflammation and scarring of pelvic organs.
Detailed Medical Explanation
PID is an infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries, usually caused by sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia or gonorrhoea. It leads to inflammation, adhesions, and scarring in the pelvis, which can cause deep pain during sex. PID is also linked to chronic pelvic pain and fertility problems. Early diagnosis and antibiotic treatment are crucial to prevent long-term complications. NHS: PID.
Clinical Context
Women with PID may experience abnormal vaginal discharge, fever, or lower abdominal pain in addition to dyspareunia. Regular sexual health checks and prompt treatment reduce the risk of complications.
Evidence-Based Approaches
NICE and NHS recommend early testing and treatment for PID in any woman with pelvic pain and risk factors. Prompt antibiotics can prevent persistent pain and infertility. NHS: PID Guidelines.