How many sessions are typical and how far apart?
How many sessions are typical and how far apart? How many sessions are typical and how far apart? Most clinics plan a short series of 2–3…
What does NICE say about energy-based treatments for dryness?
What does NICE say about energy-based treatments for dryness? NICE guidance prioritises non-hormonal care (vaginal moisturisers and suitable lubricants) and—when symptoms affect quality of life—low-dose local…
Do vaginal lasers or radiofrequency help GSM?
Do vaginal lasers or radiofrequency help GSM? Vaginal lasers and radiofrequency (RF) aim to warm tissues and stimulate repair for genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), sometimes…
When is a biopsy considered for vulval symptoms?
When is a biopsy considered for vulval symptoms? A vulval biopsy is sometimes suggested when symptoms or skin changes can’t be confidently explained, don’t respond to…
What red-flag symptoms mean I should seek urgent review?
What red-flag symptoms mean I should seek urgent review? What red-flag symptoms mean I should seek urgent review? Seek same-day care for post-menopausal bleeding, severe or…
What tests might be needed before treatment?
What tests might be needed before treatment? Most people with genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) can start care based on history and examination alone. Tests are…
Do certain medications worsen vaginal dryness?
Do certain medications worsen vaginal dryness? Yes. Some medicines can reduce natural lubrication, irritate already sensitive tissue, or lower oestrogen—making genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) symptoms…
Can stress or low oestrogen trigger dryness flares?
Can stress or low oestrogen trigger dryness flares? Yes. Falling oestrogen during peri- and post-menopause lowers natural lubrication and raises vaginal pH; stress can further reduce…
What does evidence say about PRP for GSM?
What does evidence say about PRP for GSM? What does evidence say about PRP for GSM? Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is being explored as an adjunct for…
Are there Cochrane reviews on device-based treatments for dryness?
Are there Cochrane reviews on device-based treatments for dryness? Yes—Cochrane and other systematic reviews have examined energy-based vaginal devices (laser/radiofrequency) relevant to genitourinary syndrome of menopause…
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