What medical conditions cause painful sex in women?
Conditions such as endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, infections, vaginal dryness, and vulvodynia commonly cause painful sex (dyspareunia) in women.
Detailed Medical Explanation
Painful intercourse can result from a variety of gynaecological or medical problems. Common causes include endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), sexually transmitted infections (STIs), vaginal atrophy after menopause, vulvodynia, lichen sclerosus, fibroids, ovarian cysts, and urinary tract infections. Less commonly, dermatological conditions, adhesions from surgery, or congenital abnormalities can be involved. Full list at NHS.
Clinical Context
Pinpointing the underlying cause is vital for targeted treatment. Sometimes, more than one condition may contribute to pain, requiring an integrated clinical approach and regular review.
Evidence-Based Approaches
NICE and BNF guidelines advise investigation of all potential causes in persistent dyspareunia. Early diagnosis and treatment improve outcomes and reduce the risk of complications. BNF clinical guidance.