What is vaginal atrophy and how does it cause dryness?
Vaginal atrophy is the thinning, drying, and inflammation of vaginal walls due to low oestrogen, most commonly after menopause. It leads to persistent vaginal dryness, discomfort, and increased risk of infection.
Detailed Medical Explanation
Vaginal atrophy (now often called GSM – genitourinary syndrome of menopause) results from decreased oestrogen. The vaginal lining becomes thinner, less elastic, and produces less lubrication, causing dryness, irritation, and pain during sex. The risk of urinary tract infections also rises. Regular use of vaginal moisturisers, lubricants, or local oestrogen can relieve symptoms and prevent complications. NHS: Vaginal Atrophy.
Clinical Context
Vaginal atrophy affects half of postmenopausal women. Personalised therapy—hormonal or non-hormonal—is key for symptom relief and quality of life.
Evidence-Based Approaches
All major guidelines support early diagnosis and regular management of vaginal atrophy to avoid chronic symptoms. RCOG: Vaginal Atrophy.