What is pelvic organ prolapse and what causes it?
Pelvic organ prolapse is a condition where one or more pelvic organs, such as the bladder, uterus, or rectum, slip down from their normal position and bulge into the vagina. It is commonly caused by weakened pelvic floor muscles and connective tissues, often due to childbirth, ageing, or increased abdominal pressure.
Detailed Medical Explanation
Pelvic organ prolapse occurs when the pelvic floor—the group of muscles and ligaments supporting the pelvic organs—becomes too weak or damaged to hold these organs in place. The most common risk factors include vaginal childbirth, menopause (due to lower oestrogen levels), chronic constipation, persistent heavy lifting, obesity, and certain connective tissue disorders. Depending on which organ is affected, women may experience a vaginal bulge, pelvic heaviness, or urinary issues. The severity of prolapse varies, and its impact ranges from mild discomfort to significant impairment of daily activities. (NHS resource)
Clinical Context
Pelvic organ prolapse is commonly seen in women who have had multiple vaginal deliveries or are postmenopausal. Patients often present with a feeling of fullness or a visible bulge in the vagina. Early assessment and tailored treatment can significantly improve quality of life and prevent progression.
Evidence-Based Approaches
Evidence-based management includes pelvic floor muscle training (physiotherapy), lifestyle modifications, and in some cases, the use of pessaries. Surgical options are available for severe or persistent prolapse. Clinical guidelines from the Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists recommend an individualised, patient-centred approach. Always consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and personalised plan.