What is lichen sclerosus and what causes it?
Lichen sclerosus is a long-term inflammatory skin condition that most commonly affects the genital and anal areas, causing white, patchy skin that can be itchy or painful. The exact cause is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve an abnormal immune response and possible genetic factors.
Detailed Medical Explanation
Lichen sclerosus is a chronic skin disorder, usually affecting the vulva, anus, or genital skin. It is characterised by white, shiny, thin patches that may become itchy, sore or even tear easily. While the exact aetiology is not fully clear, current research suggests an autoimmune mechanism, where the body’s immune system attacks its own skin cells. Genetics, hormonal factors, and previous skin damage may also contribute. Lichen sclerosus is not caused by infection and is not contagious. For more, see the NHS overview.
Clinical Context
Lichen sclerosus most often affects women, particularly after menopause, but can occur at any age and in men or children. Prompt diagnosis and management are important to reduce symptoms and long-term risks. Our clinic offers sensitive diagnosis and support: Vulval Skin Conditions Clinic.
Evidence-Based Approaches
The standard treatment is potent topical corticosteroids, which are proven to reduce inflammation and prevent skin damage. A multidisciplinary approach, regular follow-up, and education on self-care are essential. More details can be found in NICE BNF guidance.