What is genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM)?
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is the modern term for the collection of symptoms involving vaginal, vulval, and urinary changes due to low oestrogen after menopause. GSM includes dryness, atrophy, irritation, pain with sex, and urinary symptoms.
Detailed Medical Explanation
GSM recognises that menopause affects not only the vagina but also the vulva and urinary tract. Symptoms can include vaginal dryness, irritation, burning, recurrent urinary tract infections, urgency, and pain with intercourse. These are caused by the drop in oestrogen after menopause and can be managed with moisturisers, lubricants, and hormone therapy. NHS: GSM.
Clinical Context
We use the term GSM to help women and clinicians understand that menopause can affect more than just the vagina, and that treatments should address all symptoms.
Evidence-Based Approaches
Clinical guidelines recommend routine screening for GSM symptoms and providing tailored therapy for comfort and quality of life. RCOG: GSM and Management.