What causes bladder prolapse in women?
Bladder prolapse, also called cystocele, is mainly caused by weakening of the pelvic floor muscles and tissues, often due to childbirth, menopause, obesity, chronic cough, or heavy lifting. Ageing and genetics can also increase risk.
Detailed Medical Explanation
Bladder prolapse occurs when the tissue between the bladder and vaginal wall loses strength. The most common risk factors include vaginal childbirth, which can stretch and weaken pelvic support structures, as well as menopause when oestrogen levels drop. Obesity, repeated heavy lifting, chronic straining (such as from constipation or coughing), and connective tissue disorders also contribute. Genetics play a role, with some women having a naturally weaker pelvic floor. Preventative strategies include pelvic floor exercises and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. (NHS: Bladder prolapse)
Clinical Context
Bladder prolapse is one of the most common forms of pelvic organ prolapse in women, particularly after childbirth or menopause. Understanding risk factors helps guide prevention and treatment strategies.
Evidence-Based Approaches
Current NICE guidelines recommend pelvic floor training and addressing modifiable risks (like weight, constipation). Early intervention and assessment by a women’s health specialist are important. (NICE NG123)