What are the side effects of estrogen therapy for vaginal atrophy?
Vaginal estrogen therapy is generally very safe. Side effects may include local irritation, discharge, or spotting. Serious risks (such as breast cancer or blood clots) are extremely rare with low-dose vaginal products.
Detailed Medical Explanation
Common side effects include mild burning, itching, discharge, or bleeding, particularly in the first few weeks. Systemic absorption is minimal, so risks of serious complications (like blood clots or hormone-sensitive cancers) are negligible for most women. Always report unexpected symptoms to your clinician. NHS: Estradiol Side Effects | BNF: Vaginal Oestrogen.
Clinical Context
We reassure most women that vaginal oestrogen is safe, including after breast cancer, but all therapy should be reviewed by a doctor or specialist if you have complex history.
Evidence-Based Approaches
Clinical guidelines confirm very low risk of serious side effects from local oestrogen. Regular monitoring is advised. RCOG: Vaginal Oestrogen Safety.