Can stress and anxiety cause dyspareunia?
Yes, psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, or past trauma can significantly contribute to the development or worsening of dyspareunia.
Detailed Medical Explanation
Emotional distress can lead to involuntary pelvic muscle tightening, increased pain sensitivity, and reduced sexual arousal or lubrication, all of which increase the risk of painful sex. Psychological support and addressing emotional wellbeing are essential components of dyspareunia management. NHS: Emotional factors.
Clinical Context
Many women experience improvements in dyspareunia after addressing psychological issues with counselling, cognitive behavioural therapy, or sex therapy. Collaborative care between physical and mental health professionals is recommended.
Evidence-Based Approaches
Studies published in peer-reviewed journals and NICE guidelines support psychological intervention for dyspareunia. Multidisciplinary management delivers optimal results. NICE CG110.