Can menopause cause painful intercourse dyspareunia?
Yes, menopause is a leading cause of painful intercourse (dyspareunia) due to hormonal changes that cause vaginal dryness and thinning of vaginal tissues.
Detailed Medical Explanation
During and after menopause, falling oestrogen levels lead to atrophic changes in the vagina, making tissues less lubricated, thinner, and less elastic. This is called genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) and is a common cause of pain during sex. Symptoms often improve with vaginal moisturisers, lubricants, or local oestrogen therapy. NHS: Menopause Symptoms.
Clinical Context
Up to 50% of postmenopausal women report vaginal dryness or pain with sex. Assessment by a women’s health specialist can help tailor therapy and improve quality of life.
Evidence-Based Approaches
NICE and British Menopause Society recommend discussing vaginal symptoms in all menopausal women. Evidence shows local oestrogen and non-hormonal moisturisers are effective. RCOG: Menopause.