What causes entry pain dyspareunia?
Entry pain dyspareunia (superficial pain) is most often caused by infections, hormonal changes, insufficient lubrication, skin conditions, or pelvic floor muscle spasm.
Detailed Medical Explanation
Entry pain may occur with conditions such as vulvovaginal infections (thrush, bacterial vaginosis), atrophic vaginitis (often from low oestrogen), vulvodynia, lichen sclerosus, or trauma from childbirth. Insufficient lubrication from hormonal changes, certain medications, or lack of arousal can increase friction and discomfort. Pelvic floor muscle spasm (vaginismus) is another key cause. NHS: Painful Sex.
Clinical Context
Entry pain is common and treatable. Identifying and addressing underlying causes—often with a combination of medication, lubricants, and pelvic floor therapy—can provide significant relief.
Evidence-Based Approaches
NICE and BASHH recommend a thorough history, examination, and targeted therapy for all women with entry pain. Early intervention helps restore comfort and confidence. BASHH: Vulval Conditions.