Can lichen sclerosus turn into cancer?
While lichen sclerosus itself is not cancerous, long-standing, untreated cases may increase the risk of developing vulval cancer (squamous cell carcinoma) in a small proportion of women.
Detailed Medical Explanation
Chronic lichen sclerosus can cause ongoing inflammation and skin changes that, over years, may increase the risk of vulval squamous cell carcinoma. The risk is estimated at 3–5% for women with untreated or inadequately controlled lichen sclerosus. With effective treatment and regular monitoring, the risk can be significantly reduced. Patients should seek prompt review of any persistent sore, lump, or change in their skin. See the NHS and British Association of Dermatologists.
Clinical Context
Regular specialist follow-up is recommended for all women with lichen sclerosus to check for precancerous changes. Our clinic provides ongoing review and biopsy services where necessary: Vulval Skin Conditions Clinic.
Evidence-Based Approaches
National and international guidelines recommend potent topical corticosteroids to control disease and reduce cancer risk. Any new or persistent vulval lesion should be assessed by a specialist. Further details in NICE BNF and RCOG patient guidance.